[140] With the Social War concluded and with the prospects of a glorious and fabulously rich conquest, there was significant competition in the consular elections for 88 BC. While Cinna had sworn an oath not to kill anyone, Marius and his soldiers had not. Publisert 14.04.2003, kl. At this point Marius re-organized a few detachments, and led a column of 2,000 men through the Numidans and linked up with Metellus. [72] The Senate was unable to induce Caepio in cooperate with Mallius, which proved both generals's undoing. 10:16 (CET) [100] Meeting with the Cimbri, the invading tribesmen threatened the Romans with the advance of the Teutones and Ambrones. After a failed anti-Nazi sabotage mission leaves his 11 comrades dead, Norwegian resistance fighter Jan Baalsrud finds himself fleeing from the Gestapo through the … Marius and Agnete's daughter Kjellaug serves rolls with cheese and jam, then cake, then coffee. How Close to the Actual History is the Amazing Movie The 12th Man - or how a movie showed me that a pucker factor of 12 could be reached and maintained for almost an entire movie straight. Caught off guard by Sulla's cavalry, pinned down by Catulus's infantry and flanked by Marius, the Cimbri were slaughtered and the survivors enslaved. [83] Lacking a decisive conclusion to the Cimbrian conflict over the last two years, it was not a foregone conclusion that Marius would win reelection. Muut listat: lista1 , lista2 , lista4 Under besøket på Grønvoll Gård tenkte Jan og Marius tilbake til de skjebnesvangre dagene i 1943. Since his opponents were waiting for him, Marius had the opportunity to reconnoiter the area and select a suitable site for the upcoming battle. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. [71] It was stolen when being transported to Massilia (modern day Marseille), with Caepio suspected of having organised the theft. [132] It is said he was killed by Quintus Poppaedius Silo himself. [151], Marius along with his son then returned from exile in Africa to Etruria with an army he had raised there and placed themselves under consul Cinna's command to oust Octavius. Geni requires JavaScript! [110] Saturninus's bill gave lands to all veterans of the Cimbric wars, including those of Italian allies, which was resented by some of the plebs urbana. Der Text ist unter der Lizenz „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“ verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilde Directed by Harald Zwart. Download this file. [118], However, scholars have pointed out that Marius's supposed 'humiliation' cannot have been too long-lasting. Mads Sjøgård Pettersen as Marius Grønvoll . In spite of the possibility of treachery on the Mauritanian's part, Sulla agreed; Jugurtha's remaining followers were treacherously massacred, and he himself handed over in chains to Sulla by Bocchus. [22], According to Plutarch, against the wishes of his patrons, he pushed through a law that restricted the interference of the wealthy in elections. While Sulla was on campaign in Greece, fighting broke out between the conservative supporters of Sulla, led by Octavius, and the popular supporters of Cinna over voting rights for the Italians. [70] There, he captured the town community of Tolosa (modern day Toulouse), where he discovered a great treasure cache called the Gold of Tolosa, believed to be stolen from the Greek temple of Delphi. Thereafter, Rome's legions would largely consist of poor citizens (the "capite censi" or "head count") whose future after service could only be assured if their general could bring about land distribution and pay on their behalf. [84] To that end, he secured a political alliance with a firebrand populist tribune, Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, who with considerable oratorical skill, helped Marius achieve reelection to the consulship for 102 BC. Evans writes of this lex Sempronia: The legislation is generally seen as popular legislation for foiling senatorial contrivance of commands, and for reducing the political intrigue which often accompanied the selection of generals. [34] Sources are unclear on whether Marius joined the annual race of former praetors for the consulship, but it is likely that he failed to be elected at least once. Flere artikler finnes i denne alfabetiske oversikten. [12][13], In 134 BC, he joined the personal legion of Scipio Aemilianus as an officer for the expedition to Numantia. Chris Nyborg 27. feb. 2017 kl. But Harald Zwart, Hollywood CV notwithstanding, is a child of the Netherlands, and has long cherished a desire to tell the story of Jan Baalsrud, a Norwegian resistance soldier. [17], Next, he possibly ran for the quaestorship after losing an election for local office in Arpinum. [31] In 114 BC, Marius's imperium was prorogued and, as a propraetor, he was sent to govern the highly sought-after province of Further Spain (Latin: Hispania Ulterior),[32][29] where he engaged in some sort of minor military operation to clear brigands from untapped mining areas. [64] Ultimately, Marius reached a deal with Bocchus whereby Sulla, who was friendly with members of Bocchus's court, would enter Bocchus's camp to receive Jugurtha as a hostage. This movie truly is out of control history. The name Marius was used by members of the Roman gens Maria.It is thought to be derived from either [citation needed] the Roman war god Mars or from the Latin root mas or maris meaning "male". Marius Grønvoll. After a failed anti-Nazi sabotage mission leaves his 11 comrades dead, Norwegian resistance fighter Jan Baalsrud finds himself fleeing from the Gestapo through the snowbound reaches of Scandinavia. [81] He established a base around the town of Aquae Sextiae and trained his men. [118], Plutarch portrays this voluntary exile as a great humiliation for the six-time consul: 'considered obnoxious to the nobles and to the people alike', he was even forced to abandon his candidature for the censorship of 97. Marius Grønvoll skal vise seg å bli en av de viktigste personene på Jans reise til Sverige. [153] Their heads were exhibited in the Forum. Новая Википедия — свободная энциклопедия ... Gudrun Grønvoll. Martin Kiefer Walter Wenders . Genealogy profile for Marius Nikolai Grønvoll. THE 12TH MAN (2017) aka Den 12. mann is a Norwegian historical drama film. With Thomas Gullestad, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Marie Blokhus, Mads Sjøgård Pettersen. Det dreier seg trolig om Marius Nikkolai Johannesen i Historisk befolkningsregister, og i så fall er 1910 rett. Examples of this are the extortion and treason courts set up by Saturninus and Gaius Mamilius's. He also ordered his beasts of burden to be fashioned as cavalry horses. Distributie Den 12. mann - 12th Man, actori: Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Julia Bache-Wiig, Harry Van Gorkum, Erich Redman, Vegar Hoel, Martin Kiefer, regizor: Harald Zwart [89] This decision proved fatally flawed. [40] In 109 BC, likely to improve his chances for the consulship,[41] Marius joined then-consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus, in his campaign against Jugurtha. Perhaps he simply ran for local office as a means of gaining support back home, and lost to some other local worthy. It seems that the minimum qualification for the fifth census class (the lowest one eligible for military service) was lowered from 11,000 to 3000 sesterces of property, and already in 109 BC the consuls had had to seek suspension of Gaius Gracchus' restrictions on the levy. [156] Following the short purge, Cinna organised elections, where he permitted two people to run for consul: himself and Marius. As inequality increased, fewer men of military age met the property requirements to serve in the legions. [2][3][4] The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was initially given Roman citizenship without voting rights (Civitas sine suffragio). But it was Harald Zwart, who went on to make, in Hollywood, pictures such as “Agent Cody Banks,” “The Pink Panther 2” (the Steve Martin Pink Panther, I hasten to point out) and "The Karate Kid." But in 95 BC, Rome passed a decree, the Lex Licinia Mucia, expelling from the city all residents who were not Roman citizens. This led Poppaedius Silo, one of the Marsi generals, to challenge him: 'So if you are such a great general, Marius, why not come down [from your fortifications] and fight it out?' Metellus was using Marius's strong military experience, while Marius was strengthening his position to run for the consulship. Rallying volunteers from the urban plebs and his veterans, Marius cut the water supply to the Capitoline hill and put Saturninus's barricades under a short and decisive siege. [113] Possibly with Marius's implied consent, an angry mob broke into the building and, by dislodging the roof tiles and throwing them at the prisoners below, lynched those inside. [101] Once again, Roman discipline overcame a larger barbarian force. Biographie. In Sallust's long account of Metellus's campaign no other legates are mentioned, so it is assumed that Marius was Metellus's senior subordinate and right-hand man. [152] Cinna's vastly superior army coerced the Senate into opening the gates of the city.[153]. Marius allegedly urged Metellus to sentence Silanus to death on charges of cowardice, but then apparently turned on Metellus, arguing that the sentence was disproportionate and overly harsh. [68] Sulla and his aristocratic allies encouraged this narrative to discredit Marius. After a lot of maneuvering the Marsi and Marruncini were defeated in a battle where Marius worked in tandem with Lucius Cornelius Sulla, his old subordinate from the Jugurthine and Cimbri wars, together they killed 6,000 rebels, including the Marruncini general Herius Asinus, and captured 7,000. In 102 BC, the Cimbri returned from Hispania and, with a number of other barbarian tribes, invaded Italy. På Grønvoll gård skjæres de frosne klærne og skoene løs, og Jans bein masseres med snø. [160] Cinna would lead the Marian faction into the civil war, which continued until Sulla won control of the state and made himself dictator with an undefined term. [145] This was a momentous event, and was unforeseen by Marius, as no Roman army had ever marched upon Rome: it was forbidden by law and ancient tradition. Together they led their men against the Numidian infantry who occupied a hill. The 12th Man movie full movie 123. [37] After the start of hostilities, the first army sent to Numidia was apparently bribed to withdraw and the second army was defeated and forced to march under the yoke. [48], In early 109 BC, a detachment of Roman soldiers serving as the garrison of Vaga was ambushed and cut down almost to a man. See both Sulla and Marius's purges of the city after they captured it under arms. [95] The Cimbri paused in northern Italy to regroup and await expected reinforcements from the other Alpine passes. His life and career, by breaking with many of the precedents that bound the ambitious upper class of the Roman Republic together and instituting a soldiery loyal not to the Republic but to their commanders, was highly significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire. [61] For once, Marius was unprepared for action and in the melee all he could do was form defensive circles. [56] Yet, thousands of poor Italians sat idly in Rome, ineligible to serve. While Marius had seemingly broken with the Caecilii Metelli during his time as tribune and praetor, the Metellii did not seem to hold this rupture against him so much as to pass over him for selection as legate in the opening phases of the Jugurthine War. Den 12. mann - 12th Man. In the broad sweep of history, this reliance on poor men would make soldiers strongly loyal not to the Senate and people of Rome, but to their generals whom would be perceived as friends, comrades, benefactors, and patrons of soldiers. [123], While Marius was away in the east and after he returned, Rome had several years of relative peace. Caepio's column perished to the last man. 17.27 Del First, Marius had to deal with the Teutones and their allies the Ambrones, who were in the province of Narbonensis marching toward the Alps. 100001 lines (100000 with data), 1.6 MB [81], After the repeated disasters of the Cimbrian war, this need for men became ever more acute. Roman strategy, discipline and training asserted itself and the tribesmen were unable to dislodge the legions from their superior position. [5] Although Plutarch claims that Marius's father was a labourer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum, which all combine to indicate that he was born into a locally important family of equestrian status. Gaius Marius (Latin: [ˈɡaːijʊs ˈmarijʊs]; c. 157 BC – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He frustrated them by refusing to give battle, staying inside his heavily fortified camp fighting off their attempts to storm his fortress. Either he had withdrawn under the pretext of ill-health because he felt he was being under-appreciated or he was genuinely ill. ; Personvern; Om Wikipedia; Atterhald; For mobil; Utviklarar [102], After fifteen days of thanksgiving, Catulus and Marius celebrated a joint triumph,[103] but in popular thinking all the credit went to Marius, who was praised as "the third founder of Rome. [47] He also won over the Italian traders by claiming that he could capture Jugurtha in a few days with half Metellus's troops. The African kings harried the retreat with light cavalry, but were beaten back by Sulla whom Marius had put in command of the cavalry. [132] Caepio left on his own and was then obliged to move his legions back towards Caeoli. By the end of the afternoon, most of the barbarian warriors were dead or captured. In 104 BC, a praetor by the name of Publius Licinius Nerva was instructed to establish a tribunal to identify and emancipate enslaved Italians. [78], The Cimbri, after their decisive victory at Arausio, marched west into Hispania. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies. [citation needed], In 103 BC, the Germans still did not emerge from Hispania, and Marius's colleague died, requiring Marius to return to Rome to call elections. [15] However it is, while he was serving with the army at Numantia, his good services brought him to the attention of Scipio Aemilianus. words), Oct. 10th 2015. [18] He likely, however, participated in the major Roman victory of 121 BC which permanently cemented Roman control over southern Gaul. [68][68], The arrival of the Cimbri in Gaul in 109 BC and their complete defeat of Marcus Junius Silanus had crippled Roman prestige, resulted in unrest among the Celtic tribes recently conquered by the Romans in southern Gaul. They were 12 saboteurs. 17.25 Oppdatert 14.04.2003, kl. [147] Sulla and his supporters in the Senate proscribed twelve men, including a death sentence passed on Marius, Sulpicius and a few other allies. Once it became obvious that Sulla was going to defy the law and seize Rome by force, Marius attempted to organize a defense of the city using gladiators. And it was likely initially envisioned as nothing more than a temporary measure to meet the extraordinary threats of Numidia and the Cimbrian tribes. [165] In later years, use of plebiscita became the main means by which commands were granted (or stolen) from other generals, adding to personal rivalries and diminishing the ability to govern the state. Gudrun Grønvoll . This was to be one of the main causes of the eventual rivalry between Marius and Sulla that would end in civil war. D'Arms, John H. "The Campanian Villas of C. Marius and the Sullan Confiscations". Vegar Hoel Sigurd Eskeland . 12:15. Gudrun, heroine of several Old Norse legends whose principal theme is revenge. Marius is a male given name, a Roman family name, and a modern surname.. Temporary lifting of property requirements became a permanent necessity to combat Rome's adversaries. [55] Jugurtha was fighting a guerrilla war, it appeared that no strategy would work better than Metellus's strategy of denying Jugurtha reinforcement and support. [114][115] Glaucia too was dragged from his house and killed in the street. [157] Naturally, they were elected as consuls for 86 BC. Marius was supposedly unhappy at receiving the dissolute and libertine Lucius Cornelius Sulla as his quaestor, but he proved a highly competent officer, well liked by the men. [120] Furthermore, Marius's mere presence at the trial of Manius Aquillius in 98 BC, his friend and former colleague as consul in 101 BC, was enough to secure acquittal for the accused, even though he was apparently guilty. In c. 98–97 BC, he was given the unprecedented honour of being elected in absentia to the college of priestly augurs whilst away in Asia Minor. [117], After the events of 100 BC, Marius at first tried to oppose the recall of Metellus Numidicus, who had been exiled by Saturninus in 103.
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